Special Needs Patients For Dental Treatment - 1895 Words

Sedating Special Needs Patients for Dental Treatment â€Å"Too many times we see special needs patients who have been held down, papoosed and head-boarded while receiving brief treatment at other offices. While we understand that the care of these individuals can be challenging, they shouldn’t be shortchanged by a quick cleaning, no x-rays or an extraction instead of saving a tooth because that office can’t stabilize the individual in a comfortable and humane fashion.† (Dr.Kaminski) Patients with disabilities and special needs deserve the same kind of dental care as a patient who does not. Special needs patients require more care and attention than patients that do not have special needs or disabilities. Patients with medical conditions that†¦show more content†¦Patients with physical or mental disabilities should be sedated in order for them to get the proper dental care that they need because they may not be able to cooperate during the procedure. As stated by Dr.Bain, D.D.S, Patients with medical condit ions such as Down’s syndrome and cerebral palsy may have physical limitations that keep them from sitting comfortably in the patient chair and staying still during dental treatment. Patients with physical disabilities may have a hard time remaining calm. The physical disability of the special needs patient may cause them to fidget and move around a lot. This can make it more difficult for them to keep their head straight or their mouth open for the dentist. In addition, patients that lack good communication skills may also have a hard time cooperating with treatment because they are unable to communicate to the dental staff or their caregiver any discomfort or pain they feel during treatment. This makes it harder for the dentist to complete the treatment correctly because the patient may have a difficult time informing their needs to the dentist or the assistant. As a result, the patient will not be able to cooperate with treatment if they are experiencing pain or discomfort . If the patient can not communicate to the dental staff that something is causing them pain or discomfort the patient is not only going to be very uncomfortable, but they are also going to remember the procedure as a traumatic

Descartes and Hume A Look at Skepticism and Finding...

Renà © Descartes was a skeptic, and thus he believed that in order for something to be considered a true piece of knowledge, that â€Å"knowledge must have a certain stability,† (Cottingham 21). In his work, Meditations on First Philosophy, Descartes concludes that in order to achieve this stability, he must start at the foundations for all of his opinions and find the basis of doubt in each of them. David Hume, however, holds a different position on skepticism in his work An Enquiry concerning Human Understanding, for he criticizes Descartes’ claim because â€Å"‘it is impossible,’† (qtd. in Cottingham 35). Both philosophers show distinct reasoning in what skepticism is and how it is useful in finding stability. Descartes begins the excerpt by†¦show more content†¦This then leads him to question the existence of God, and then whether he himself truly exists as well. Descartes concludes his claim in stating, â€Å"So after considering ever ything very thoroughly, I must finally conclude that this proposition, I am, I exist, is necessarily true whenever it is put forward by me or conceived in my mind,† (25). Therefore, in spite of everything he is skeptical of, Descartes manages to believe that his true existence is not something worthy of doubt. David Hume’s approach to skepticism is very different from Descartes’ ideas, mainly because he believes that it is not good to become skeptical of everything. Hume feels that there are two different types of skepticism: the type the Descartes follows, known as the â€Å"antecedent† skepticism that involves doubting everything, and moderate skepticism, which Hume feels is the more reasonable form (Hume 36). Hume feels that antecedent skepticism is pointless, and that by simply doubting everything, one is not able to find an answer to what they are looking for because they may never be satisfied with any form of validity. However, Hume feels that mode rate skepticism is â€Å"a necessary preparative to the study of philosophy, by preserving a proper impartiality in our judgements, and weaning our mind from all those prejudices, which we may have imbibed from education or rash opinion,† (Hume 36). In other words, Hume is saying that moderate skepticism is necessaryShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages†¢ What Are the Consequences of Trust? 390 Leading for the Future: Mentoring 391 Mentoring 391 Challenges to the Leadership Construct 393 Leadership as an Attribution 393 †¢ Substitutes for and Neutralizers of Leadership 394 †¢ Online Leadership 395 Finding and Creating Effective Leaders 396 Selecting Leaders 396 †¢ Training Leaders 396 CONTENTS xv Summary and Implications for Managers 397 S A S A L L Self-Assessment Library What’s My Leadership Style? 368 Self-Assessment Library What’s

Stanford Prison Experiment free essay sample

Diana Baumrind’s Review on Obedience Experiments from Stanley Milgram In Diana Baumrind’s â€Å"Review on Obedience Experiments from Stanley Milgram, she asserted that his experiments were unethical in its procedure. She also states the main idea that the variables in the experiments could have affected their results of obedience. Baumrind points out that there should have been more and better steps in having safer tests in protecting the test subjects. She introduces her argument by pointing out the subjects of the Milgram’s experiment were in their belief that the â€Å"experimenter†. The meaning of the â€Å"experimenter† is that he or she is in authority of everything and deserves respect and should be reliable. â€Å"Milgram does not appear suited to the objectives of the study because it does not take into account the special quality of the set which the subject has in the experimental situation (p. 228). † This states that in a laboratory is not the right setting for this type of experiment for obedience. We will write a custom essay sample on Stanford Prison Experiment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page That’s the main problem. Baumrind suggested that Stanley Milgram’s tests on the experimenters could be harmful; mentally not physically. Also she believes the level of obedience in the experiments is unrelated to regular situations in obedience and authority. The setting of Milgram’s experiment was uncomfortable and the atmosphere was not right, the results were not effective to real-life situations, Baumrind points out. In stricter circumstances and setting the subjects seems to re-act better then lower severe situations. She lacks information about the subjects being uncomfortable and not feeling right in the laboratory, as well the feelings while being tested in the lab. She makes an intelligent remark, when she explains about the Hitler’s Germany and Milgram’s experiment together. â€Å"But the parallel between authority-subordinate relationships in Hitlers Germany and in Milgram’s laboratory is unclear (228). † Milgrams conclusion cannot easily be applied to real life. Hitler’s guards were commanded to kill anyone that Hitler ordered them to. The guards that were ordered to kill, they did not question those orders, may be in their minds they did but, the guards did what guards were supposed to do, kill. The officers were acting according to their beliefs, which were that they thought the Jews were subhuman. That meant they were unaccountable for their doings. Baumrind’s logic is not strong, for there are other reasons why the SS officers did what they did. Hitler’s Germany and Milgram’s experiment tie together pretty well. Baumrind, she puts this information in to show the hideous nature of humans, and their actions of authority. She is not missing Milgram’s main point, she disagree with his main point. She uses good grammar, used the correct in-text citations, uses of transitions well between paragraphs, and does not leap to conclusions right away. She spread, out everything; it was precise, has good back up evidence to prove her thesis statement and points of Milgram’s experiment. Baumrind’s disagreement with Milgram’s process and with his conclusion is a key point. The author gave a well done explanation on everything she just forgot to mention the subject’s viewpoints, and forgot to back up a few things, which weakness the article. Baumrind claimed that this Milgram experiment should not be done, it was a risky test, and different reactions towards the subjects could have been because they were in a laboratory. Lastly, Baumrind points out â€Å"Milgram’s experimental situations are not sufficiently accurate models of real-life experience†, Baumrind would not like to see future experiments that can affect people’s life.

Prehistoric Barrows found in the Stonehenge Landscape

Location of Prehistoric Barrows The spectacular prehistoric barrows found within Stonehenge landscape remain important historical sites with a tangible archeological significance to the present world (Chippindale 1994, p.24). To visit the prehistoric site one has to take a train or a bus to easily get to the Stonehenge prehistoric site as seen in figure 1.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Prehistoric Barrows found in the Stonehenge Landscape specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Fig.1 Stonehenge as taken from balloon in 1906 Adopted from English Heritage Photo Library J050113 On arrival, one can see the car park which is the landing point for all visitors. It is a paid parking place during the high season, especially from June till August. The parking fee is waived for visitors with membership cards; otherwise the cash payment is made to car park attendants. There comes the better part of site adventures behind the c ar park Stonehenge as a world heritage site is well endowed with both long and round barrows that are within walking distance from the car park. From a close look, one can see round and long barrows that were excavated in the 19th century by archeologists Cunnington and Sir Richard Colt. Through barrows’ exaction, they reveal the Stonehenge site as an important burial landscape existing for about one thousand years. However, it requires a keen observation to recognize bronze aged round barrows because of ploughing activities.Advertising Looking for essay on archeology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The long barrows The long barrows are the most ancient burial mounds that can be spotted in Stonehenge that were used for the purpose of communal burial. The long barrows are easily distinguished by their rectangular shape with the length of about 99 feet with chalk vertical walls. The excavation reveals bones of buried peo ple looking eastwards but some parts were removed probably for ancestral worship [see figure fig.2]. Fig.2 long barrows standing Round Barrows The round barrows represent circular barrows that were built during the Bronze Age with aim to bury community leaders. The round barrows are categorized into cemeteries and kings barrows that enhanced usage of barrows for many years. Walking through the field, one notices a number of round barrows which can be classified according to their shape (Chippindale 1994, p.47). There are round barrows known as bowls that have a ditch and a mound and ditch. Additionally, there are bell and disc barrows that have a bank, central mound and a circular ditch (Flinders-Petrie 1880, p.58). Most people buried in round barrows had their grave goods that are instrumental distinguishing between a female from male person. The types are well illustrated below in figure 6 and 7. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Prehistoric Barrows found in the Stonehenge Landscape specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Fig. 6 types of round Fig.7 bush barrows Kings barrows Kings barrows show cemeteries that are located on the ridge of the eastern Stonehenge that include 14 burial mounds (Stukeley 1740, p.49). The kings barrow can be seen in terms of new and old king barrows. Kings barrows can be clearly seen in figure 3 and 4 below. Fig.3 kings barrows viewed in the snow adopted from English Heritage NMR, DP136315 Advertising Looking for essay on archeology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Fig.4 Fig.3 kings barrows viewed in the snow The Cursus The Cursus lies to the west of Stonehenge making a rectangular earthwork running 1.8 miles towards west-east alignment (Richards 2007, p.19). The Cursus has a width of about 100 metres -130 metres with ditches outward as shown in figure 5. Fig. 5 cursus Therefore, Stonehenge prehistoric site is a world heritage characterized by its monuments that marked the developed technology and creative achievements of people in the ancient times (Heck 2007, p.92). In addition to that, Stonehenge site is still important as illustration and input to monument construction. Reference List Chippindale, C 1994. Stonehenge Complete, Thames and Hudson, London. Chippindale, C 1994. Stonehenge, Thames and Hudson, London. Flinders-Petrie, W M 1880. Stonehenge: plans, description and theories, Stanford, London. Heck, C 2007. â€Å"A new medieval view of Stonehenge†, British Archaeology, Jan/Feb 2007, p. 92. Richards, J 2007. Stonehenge: the St ory so far, English Heritage, London. Keley, W 1740. Stonehenge, a temple restor’d to the British Druids, W. Innys and R. Manby, London. This essay on Prehistoric Barrows found in the Stonehenge Landscape was written and submitted by user Kason W. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Miranda Rights Questions and Answers

Miranda Rights Questions and Answers So, were my Miranda rights violated? In many cases, thats a question only the courts can answer. No two crimes or criminal investigations are identical. There are, however some procedures police are required to follow when dealing with the Miranda warnings and the rights of persons taken into custody. Here are some answers to commonly asked questions about Miranda rights and Miranda warnings. It is important to remember that the Miranda Warning is all about being protected from self-incrimination under the Fifth Amendment during questioning, not about being arrested. Miranda Rights QA Q. At what point are police required to inform a suspect of their Miranda rights? A. After a person has officially been taken into custody (detained by police), but before any interrogation takes place, police must inform them of their right to remain silent and to have an attorney present during questioning. A person is considered to be in custody anytime they are placed in an environment in which they do not believe they are free to leave. Example: Police can question witnesses at crime scenes without reading them their Miranda rights, and should a witness implicate themselves in the crime during that questioning, their statements could be used against them later in court. If at any time before or during questioning, the individual being questioned indicates- in any manner- that he or she wishes to remain silent, the questioning must stop. If at any time the person states that they want an attorney, the questioning must stop until an attorney is present. Before the questioning can continue, the person being questioned must be given an opportunity to confer with the attorney. The attorney must then remain present during any further questioning.   Q. Can police question a person without reading them their Miranda rights? A. Yes. The Miranda warnings must be read only before questioning a person who has been taken into custody. Police are required to inform people of their Miranda rights only if they intend to interrogate them. In addition, arrests can be made without the Miranda Warning being given. If the police decide to interrogate suspects after arresting them, the Miranda Warning must be given at that time. In situations under which public safety could be jeopardized, police are allowed to ask questions without reading the Miranda Warning, and any evidence obtained through that questioning may be used against the suspect in court. Q. Can police arrest or detain a person without reading them their Miranda rights? A. Yes, but until the person has been informed of his or her Miranda rights, any statements made by them during interrogation may be ruled inadmissible in court. Q. Does Miranda apply to all incriminating statements made to the police? A. No. Miranda does not apply to statements a person makes before they are arrested. Similarly, Miranda does not apply to statements made spontaneously, or to statements made after the Miranda warnings have been given. Q. If you first say you dont want a lawyer, can you still demand one during questioning? A. Yes. A person being questioned by the police can terminate the interrogation at any time by asking for an attorney and stating that he or she declines to answer further questions until an attorney is present. However, any statements made up until that point during the interrogation may be used in court. Q.  Can the police really help out or reduce the sentences of suspects who confess during questioning? A. No. Once a person has been arrested, the police have no control over how the legal system treats them. Criminal charges and sentencing are totally up to the prosecutors and the judge. (See: Why People Confess: Tricks of Police Interrogation) Q. Are police required to provide interpreters to inform deaf persons of their Miranda rights? A. Yes. Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 requires police departments receiving any form of federal assistance to provide qualified sign interpreters for communication with hearing-impaired persons who rely on sign language. The Department of Justice (DOJ) Regulations pursuant to Section 504, 28 C.F.R. Part 42, specifically mandate this accommodation. However, the ability of qualified sign interpreters to accurately and completely explain the Miranda warnings to deaf persons is often questioned. See: Legal Rights: The Guide for Deaf and Hard of Hearing People from the Gallaudet University Press.​

Hidden Children of the Holocaust - Physical Hiding

Hidden Children of the Holocaust - Physical Hiding Under the persecution and terror of the Third Reich, Jewish children could not afford simple, childlike pleasures. Though the seriousness of their every action may not have been known in absolutes to them, they lived in a realm of cautiousness and distrust. They were forced to wear the yellow badge, forced out of school, taunted and attacked by others their age, and disallowed from parks and other public places. Some Jewish children went into hiding to escape the increasing persecution and, most importantly, the deportations. Although the most famous example of children in hiding is the story of Anne Frank, every child in hiding had a different experience. There were two main forms of hiding. The first was physical hiding, where children physically hid in an annex, attic, cabinet, etc. The second form of hiding was pretending to be Gentile. Physical Hiding Physical hiding represented an attempt to hide ones complete existence from the outside world.   Location: A place to hide had to be found. Through family and friends, information spread through a network of acquaintances. Someone might offer to hide the family for free, others might ask a price. The size, comfort, and security of hiding places varied tremendously. I dont know how the contact was arranged, but there we stayed in what was actually a cabinet, only sixty or seventy centimeters wide. The length of it would have been a couple of meters, because we could all lie on top of each other comfortably. My parents couldnt stand, but I could, and I sort of walked between them. This cabinet was in a cellar, so it was well hidden. Our presence there was so secret, not even the children of the hiding family knew that we were there. That was where we stayed for thirteen months!-Richard Rozen, six years old when went into hiding Children were most often not told about the presence of the hiding place in advance. The location of the hiding place had to remain an absolute secret the ir lives depended on it.Then would come the day to finally move into their hiding place. For some, this day was preplanned; for others, this day was the day they heard word about impending harm or deportation. As nonchalantly as possible, the family would pack a few remaining, important items and leave their home. Daily Life: Each day, these children woke up, knowing that they must be extremely quiet, must move slowly, and that they would not be allowed to leave the confinement of their hiding place. Many of these children would go months, even years, without seeing daylight. In some instances, their parents would make them do a few indoor exercises and stretches to keep their muscles active. In hiding, children had to remain absolutely quiet. Not only was there no running, there was no talking or laughing, no walking, and even no flushing the toilets (or dumping the chamber pots). To keep busy, many children would read (sometimes they read the same couple of books over and over because they didnt have access to any new ones), draw (though the supply of paper was not plentiful), listen to stories, listen to adults talking, play with imaginary friends, etc.  Fear: In bunkers (hiding places within ghettoes) the fear of Nazi capture was very great. Jews hid in their hiding places when they were ordered for deportation. Nazis would go from house to house in search of any Jews that were hiding.   The Nazis looked in each house, looked for fake doors, fake walls, mats covering an opening.   When we got to the loft, we found it crowded and the people very tense. There was one young woman trying to comfort an infant who was crying. It was just a tiny baby, but he wouldnt go to sleep, and she couldnt stop him from crying. Finally, she was given a choice by the other adults: Take your crying baby and leave or kill the infant. She smothered it. I dont remember if the mother cried, but you didnt have the luxury of weeping. Life was so precious and so cheap at the same time. You did what you could to save yourself.-Kim Fendrick, six years old when went into hiding Food and Water: Though the families brought some food and provisions with them, no family was prepared to stay in hiding for several years. They soon ran out of food and water. It was difficult to get additional food since most people were on rations. Some families would send one member out at night in the hopes of catching something. Fetching fresh water was also not easy. Some people couldnt take the stench and the darkness, so they left, but ten of us remained in that sewer - for fourteen months! During that time we never went outside or saw daylight. We lived with webs and moss hanging on the wall. The river not only smelled terrible but also it was full of diseases. We got dysentery, and I remember Pavel and I were sick with unrelenting diarrhea. There was only enough clean water for each of us to have half a cup a day. My parents didnt even drink theirs; they gave it to Pavel and me so that we wouldnt die from dehydration.  -Dr. Kristine Keren, Lack of water became a problem for other reasons too. With no access to a regular supply of water, there was no water to bathe in. Opportunities to wash ones clothes became few and far between. Lice and diseases were rampant. Even though I wasnt eating much, I was being eaten unbelievably. The lice down there were very bold. They would walk out onto my face. Everywhere I put my hand, there was another one. Fortunately, Rosia had a pair of scissors an cut off all my hair. There were body lice too. They would lay eggs in the seams of our clothing. For the whole six or seven months, I was down there in the hole, the only real fun I had was cracking the nits with my thumbnail. It was the only way in which I had even the slightest control over what was going on in my life.-Lola Kaufman, seven years old when went into hiding Sickness and Death: Being completely secluded also had many other problems. If someone got sick, they could not be taken to a doctor, nor could one be brought to them. Children suffered through many maladies that could have been tempered if not controlled by contemporary medicine. But what happened if someone did not survive the illness? If you did not exist, then how could there be a body? One year after Selma Goldstein and her parents went into hiding, her father died. The problem was how to get him out of the house, Goldstein recalled. The people next door and the family across the road were Dutch Nazis. So my father was sewn into a bed and the neighbors were told that the bed had to be cleaned. The bed was carried out of the house with my father in it. Then it was brought to a country estate out of town where a good policeman stood guard while my father was buried. For Goldstein, the normal process of mourning the death of her father was replaced by the horrible dilemma of how to get rid of his body. Arrest and Deportation: Though daily life and the problems they encountered were difficult to deal with, the real fear was being found. Sometimes the owners of the house they were staying in would be arrested. Sometimes there was information passed that their hiding place was known; thus, the need to evacuate immediately. Because of these situations, Jews often moved hiding places relatively frequently. Sometimes, though, as with  Anne Frank and her family,  the Nazis discovered the hiding place - and they were not warned. When discovered, adults and children were deported to the camps. Hidden Identities Just about everyone has heard of Anne Frank. But have you heard of Jankele Kuperblum, Piotr Kuncewicz, Jan Kochanski, Franek Zielinski, or Jack Kuper? Probably not. Actually, they were all the same person. Instead of hiding physically, some children lived within society but took on a different name and identity in an attempt to hide their Jewish ancestry. The example above actually represents only one child who became these separate identities as he transversed the countryside pretending to be Gentile. The children who hid their identity had a variety of experiences and lived in various situations.   Varied Experiences: Some children stayed with their parents or just their mother and lived among Gentiles with their host not knowing their true identity. Some children were left alone in convents or among families. Some children wandered from village to village as a farmhand. But no matter what the circumstances, all these children shared the need to hide their Jewishness.Children Who Could Hide Their Identity: The people that hid these children wanted children that would be the least risk to them. Thus, young children, especially young girls, were the most easily placed. Youth  was favored because the childs past life was short, thus did not greatly guide their identity. Young children were not likely to slip up or leak information about their Jewishness. Also, these children more easily adapted to their new homes. Girls were more easily placed, not because of a better temperament, but because they lacked the tell-tale sign that boys carried - a circumcised penis. No amount of wo rds or documents could cover or excuse this if it were discovered. Because of this risk, some young boys that were forced to hide their identity were dressed up as girls. Not only did they lose their name and background, they also lost their gender. My fictional name was Marysia Ulecki. I was supposed to be a distant cousin of the people who were keeping my mother and me. The physical part was easy. After a couple of years in hiding with no haircuts, my hair was very long. The big problem was language. In Polish when a boy says a certain word, its one way, but when a girl says the same word, you change one or two letters. My mother spent a lot of time teaching me to speak and walk and act like a girl. It was a lot to learn, but the task was simplified slightly by the fact that I was supposed to be a little bit backward. They didnt risk taking me to school, but they took me to church. I remember some kid tried to flirt with me, but the lady we were living with told him not to bother with me because I was retarded. After that, the kids left me alone except to make fun of me. In order to go to the bathroom like a girl, I had to practice. It wasnt easy! Quite often I used to come back with wet shoes. But since I was supposed to be a little backward, wetting my shoes made my act all the more convincing. -Richard Rozen Continually Tested: To hide amongst Gentiles by pretending to be Gentile took courage, strength, and determination. Every day these children came upon situations in which their identity was tested. If their real name was Anne, they had better not turn their head if that name were called. Also, what if someone were to recognize them or question their supposed familial relationship with their host? There were many Jewish adults and children who could never attempt to hide their identity within society because of their outward appearance or their voice sounded stereotypically Jewish. Others whose outward appearance did not bring them into  question  had to be careful of their language and of their movements.Going to Church: To  appear  Gentile, many children had to go to church. Having never been to church, these children had to find ways to cover for their lack of knowledge. Many children tried to fit into this new role my mimicking others. We had to live and behave like Christians. I was expected to go to confession because I was old enough to have already had my first communion. I didnt have the slightest idea what to do, but I found a way to handle it. Id made friends with some Ukrainian children, and I said to one girl, Tell me how to go to confession in Ukrainian and Ill tell you how we do it in Polish. So she told me what to do and what to say. Then she said, Well, how do you do it in Polish? I said, Its exactly the same, but you speak Polish. I got away with that and I went to confession. My problem was that I couldnt bring myself to lie to a priest. I told him it was my first confession. I didnt realize at the time that girls had to wear white dresses and be part of a special ceremony when making their first communion. The priest either didnt pay attention to what I said or else he was a wonderful man, but he didnt give me away.-Rosa Sirota After the War For the children and for many survivors, liberation did not mean the end of their suffering.   Very young children, that were hidden within families, knew nor remembered anything about their real or biological families. Many had been babies when they first entered their new homes. Many of their real families did not come back after the war. But for some  their real families were strangers. Sometimes, the host family was not willing to give up these children after the war. A few organizations were established to kidnap the Jewish children and give them back to their real families. Some host families, though sorry to see the young child go, kept in contact with the children. After the war, many of these children had conflicts adapting to their true identity. Many had been acting Catholic for so long that they had trouble grasping their Jewish ancestry. These children were the survivors and the future - yet they did not identify with being Jewish. How often they must have heard, But you were only a child - how much could it have affected you?How often they must have felt, Though I suffered, how can I be considered a victim or a survivor compared to those who were in the camps?How often they must have cried, When will it be over?

Human Resource Outsourcing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Human Resource Outsourcing - Case Study Example However, outsourcing itself has got associated advantages and disadvantages in many of these firms. This paper will look at the human resource outsourcing in the UK's largest and most successful airline, the British Airways. The airline started in 1919 with Houston's airport as its home. On 25th August 1919 the first flight from Le Bourget to Houslow was launched. Afterwards these were the establishment of the Handley page and unstone airlines with older modified bomber applied in them. To counter stiff competition from the French airlines who offered low fares the airlines merged and created an airline that could fly distant place for example Egypt and India, the airline was called Imperial Airways.2 It was after a committee chaired by President Ronald Edwards in 1967 British airways was born in 1976 British European Airways (BEA) and British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) merged, a thing that left British Airways with big fleets for instance Lockheed Tristar, Boeing 747 among others. These developments saw the British Airways, becoming one of the leading world's cargo airlines. After the September 11th 2001 bomb attack there was an airline crisis and British airways was not an exceptional since it faced severe economic problems which it took some time for it to recover. However, it has now recuperated with increased returns a characteristic of future economic boom. In 24th October 2003 what was the then trademark of the company for the twenty five years, the Concorde made its last flight. To strengthen its global market position the airline is forging alliances with the world's major airlines and has been outsourcing its human resource functions.3 The company's main objectives include; the achievement of greater management effectiveness, application of business - oriented organizational approaches, meeting the organizational goals applications of the critical success factors (CSFs) approach in the management system and overcoming the technological barriers in the company. The company's challenges ahs been its failure to accurately focus on the organizational goals with a feeling that the critical success factors approach might not be appropriate for managers investigations at all levels within the company. Lower level manages has been experiencing problems in the application of the CSF concept.4 British airways human resource outsourced functions include the risk management, temporary staffing, recruitments, employee benefits administrations, pension administration, retirement planning assistance, development programs relating to training and management executive staffing, counselling of the staff members, administration of wage and salary, background checks, incentive plans payroll and training implementation. The main reasons as to why British airways opt to outsource its non -core business operations are as follows: To improve its accuracy. So as it can put more focus on its core business oper