Miranda Rights Questions and Answers

Miranda Rights Questions and Answers So, were my Miranda rights violated? In many cases, thats a question only the courts can answer. No two crimes or criminal investigations are identical. There are, however some procedures police are required to follow when dealing with the Miranda warnings and the rights of persons taken into custody. Here are some answers to commonly asked questions about Miranda rights and Miranda warnings. It is important to remember that the Miranda Warning is all about being protected from self-incrimination under the Fifth Amendment during questioning, not about being arrested. Miranda Rights QA Q. At what point are police required to inform a suspect of their Miranda rights? A. After a person has officially been taken into custody (detained by police), but before any interrogation takes place, police must inform them of their right to remain silent and to have an attorney present during questioning. A person is considered to be in custody anytime they are placed in an environment in which they do not believe they are free to leave. Example: Police can question witnesses at crime scenes without reading them their Miranda rights, and should a witness implicate themselves in the crime during that questioning, their statements could be used against them later in court. If at any time before or during questioning, the individual being questioned indicates- in any manner- that he or she wishes to remain silent, the questioning must stop. If at any time the person states that they want an attorney, the questioning must stop until an attorney is present. Before the questioning can continue, the person being questioned must be given an opportunity to confer with the attorney. The attorney must then remain present during any further questioning.   Q. Can police question a person without reading them their Miranda rights? A. Yes. The Miranda warnings must be read only before questioning a person who has been taken into custody. Police are required to inform people of their Miranda rights only if they intend to interrogate them. In addition, arrests can be made without the Miranda Warning being given. If the police decide to interrogate suspects after arresting them, the Miranda Warning must be given at that time. In situations under which public safety could be jeopardized, police are allowed to ask questions without reading the Miranda Warning, and any evidence obtained through that questioning may be used against the suspect in court. Q. Can police arrest or detain a person without reading them their Miranda rights? A. Yes, but until the person has been informed of his or her Miranda rights, any statements made by them during interrogation may be ruled inadmissible in court. Q. Does Miranda apply to all incriminating statements made to the police? A. No. Miranda does not apply to statements a person makes before they are arrested. Similarly, Miranda does not apply to statements made spontaneously, or to statements made after the Miranda warnings have been given. Q. If you first say you dont want a lawyer, can you still demand one during questioning? A. Yes. A person being questioned by the police can terminate the interrogation at any time by asking for an attorney and stating that he or she declines to answer further questions until an attorney is present. However, any statements made up until that point during the interrogation may be used in court. Q.  Can the police really help out or reduce the sentences of suspects who confess during questioning? A. No. Once a person has been arrested, the police have no control over how the legal system treats them. Criminal charges and sentencing are totally up to the prosecutors and the judge. (See: Why People Confess: Tricks of Police Interrogation) Q. Are police required to provide interpreters to inform deaf persons of their Miranda rights? A. Yes. Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 requires police departments receiving any form of federal assistance to provide qualified sign interpreters for communication with hearing-impaired persons who rely on sign language. The Department of Justice (DOJ) Regulations pursuant to Section 504, 28 C.F.R. Part 42, specifically mandate this accommodation. However, the ability of qualified sign interpreters to accurately and completely explain the Miranda warnings to deaf persons is often questioned. See: Legal Rights: The Guide for Deaf and Hard of Hearing People from the Gallaudet University Press.​

Hidden Children of the Holocaust - Physical Hiding

Hidden Children of the Holocaust - Physical Hiding Under the persecution and terror of the Third Reich, Jewish children could not afford simple, childlike pleasures. Though the seriousness of their every action may not have been known in absolutes to them, they lived in a realm of cautiousness and distrust. They were forced to wear the yellow badge, forced out of school, taunted and attacked by others their age, and disallowed from parks and other public places. Some Jewish children went into hiding to escape the increasing persecution and, most importantly, the deportations. Although the most famous example of children in hiding is the story of Anne Frank, every child in hiding had a different experience. There were two main forms of hiding. The first was physical hiding, where children physically hid in an annex, attic, cabinet, etc. The second form of hiding was pretending to be Gentile. Physical Hiding Physical hiding represented an attempt to hide ones complete existence from the outside world.   Location: A place to hide had to be found. Through family and friends, information spread through a network of acquaintances. Someone might offer to hide the family for free, others might ask a price. The size, comfort, and security of hiding places varied tremendously. I dont know how the contact was arranged, but there we stayed in what was actually a cabinet, only sixty or seventy centimeters wide. The length of it would have been a couple of meters, because we could all lie on top of each other comfortably. My parents couldnt stand, but I could, and I sort of walked between them. This cabinet was in a cellar, so it was well hidden. Our presence there was so secret, not even the children of the hiding family knew that we were there. That was where we stayed for thirteen months!-Richard Rozen, six years old when went into hiding Children were most often not told about the presence of the hiding place in advance. The location of the hiding place had to remain an absolute secret the ir lives depended on it.Then would come the day to finally move into their hiding place. For some, this day was preplanned; for others, this day was the day they heard word about impending harm or deportation. As nonchalantly as possible, the family would pack a few remaining, important items and leave their home. Daily Life: Each day, these children woke up, knowing that they must be extremely quiet, must move slowly, and that they would not be allowed to leave the confinement of their hiding place. Many of these children would go months, even years, without seeing daylight. In some instances, their parents would make them do a few indoor exercises and stretches to keep their muscles active. In hiding, children had to remain absolutely quiet. Not only was there no running, there was no talking or laughing, no walking, and even no flushing the toilets (or dumping the chamber pots). To keep busy, many children would read (sometimes they read the same couple of books over and over because they didnt have access to any new ones), draw (though the supply of paper was not plentiful), listen to stories, listen to adults talking, play with imaginary friends, etc.  Fear: In bunkers (hiding places within ghettoes) the fear of Nazi capture was very great. Jews hid in their hiding places when they were ordered for deportation. Nazis would go from house to house in search of any Jews that were hiding.   The Nazis looked in each house, looked for fake doors, fake walls, mats covering an opening.   When we got to the loft, we found it crowded and the people very tense. There was one young woman trying to comfort an infant who was crying. It was just a tiny baby, but he wouldnt go to sleep, and she couldnt stop him from crying. Finally, she was given a choice by the other adults: Take your crying baby and leave or kill the infant. She smothered it. I dont remember if the mother cried, but you didnt have the luxury of weeping. Life was so precious and so cheap at the same time. You did what you could to save yourself.-Kim Fendrick, six years old when went into hiding Food and Water: Though the families brought some food and provisions with them, no family was prepared to stay in hiding for several years. They soon ran out of food and water. It was difficult to get additional food since most people were on rations. Some families would send one member out at night in the hopes of catching something. Fetching fresh water was also not easy. Some people couldnt take the stench and the darkness, so they left, but ten of us remained in that sewer - for fourteen months! During that time we never went outside or saw daylight. We lived with webs and moss hanging on the wall. The river not only smelled terrible but also it was full of diseases. We got dysentery, and I remember Pavel and I were sick with unrelenting diarrhea. There was only enough clean water for each of us to have half a cup a day. My parents didnt even drink theirs; they gave it to Pavel and me so that we wouldnt die from dehydration.  -Dr. Kristine Keren, Lack of water became a problem for other reasons too. With no access to a regular supply of water, there was no water to bathe in. Opportunities to wash ones clothes became few and far between. Lice and diseases were rampant. Even though I wasnt eating much, I was being eaten unbelievably. The lice down there were very bold. They would walk out onto my face. Everywhere I put my hand, there was another one. Fortunately, Rosia had a pair of scissors an cut off all my hair. There were body lice too. They would lay eggs in the seams of our clothing. For the whole six or seven months, I was down there in the hole, the only real fun I had was cracking the nits with my thumbnail. It was the only way in which I had even the slightest control over what was going on in my life.-Lola Kaufman, seven years old when went into hiding Sickness and Death: Being completely secluded also had many other problems. If someone got sick, they could not be taken to a doctor, nor could one be brought to them. Children suffered through many maladies that could have been tempered if not controlled by contemporary medicine. But what happened if someone did not survive the illness? If you did not exist, then how could there be a body? One year after Selma Goldstein and her parents went into hiding, her father died. The problem was how to get him out of the house, Goldstein recalled. The people next door and the family across the road were Dutch Nazis. So my father was sewn into a bed and the neighbors were told that the bed had to be cleaned. The bed was carried out of the house with my father in it. Then it was brought to a country estate out of town where a good policeman stood guard while my father was buried. For Goldstein, the normal process of mourning the death of her father was replaced by the horrible dilemma of how to get rid of his body. Arrest and Deportation: Though daily life and the problems they encountered were difficult to deal with, the real fear was being found. Sometimes the owners of the house they were staying in would be arrested. Sometimes there was information passed that their hiding place was known; thus, the need to evacuate immediately. Because of these situations, Jews often moved hiding places relatively frequently. Sometimes, though, as with  Anne Frank and her family,  the Nazis discovered the hiding place - and they were not warned. When discovered, adults and children were deported to the camps. Hidden Identities Just about everyone has heard of Anne Frank. But have you heard of Jankele Kuperblum, Piotr Kuncewicz, Jan Kochanski, Franek Zielinski, or Jack Kuper? Probably not. Actually, they were all the same person. Instead of hiding physically, some children lived within society but took on a different name and identity in an attempt to hide their Jewish ancestry. The example above actually represents only one child who became these separate identities as he transversed the countryside pretending to be Gentile. The children who hid their identity had a variety of experiences and lived in various situations.   Varied Experiences: Some children stayed with their parents or just their mother and lived among Gentiles with their host not knowing their true identity. Some children were left alone in convents or among families. Some children wandered from village to village as a farmhand. But no matter what the circumstances, all these children shared the need to hide their Jewishness.Children Who Could Hide Their Identity: The people that hid these children wanted children that would be the least risk to them. Thus, young children, especially young girls, were the most easily placed. Youth  was favored because the childs past life was short, thus did not greatly guide their identity. Young children were not likely to slip up or leak information about their Jewishness. Also, these children more easily adapted to their new homes. Girls were more easily placed, not because of a better temperament, but because they lacked the tell-tale sign that boys carried - a circumcised penis. No amount of wo rds or documents could cover or excuse this if it were discovered. Because of this risk, some young boys that were forced to hide their identity were dressed up as girls. Not only did they lose their name and background, they also lost their gender. My fictional name was Marysia Ulecki. I was supposed to be a distant cousin of the people who were keeping my mother and me. The physical part was easy. After a couple of years in hiding with no haircuts, my hair was very long. The big problem was language. In Polish when a boy says a certain word, its one way, but when a girl says the same word, you change one or two letters. My mother spent a lot of time teaching me to speak and walk and act like a girl. It was a lot to learn, but the task was simplified slightly by the fact that I was supposed to be a little bit backward. They didnt risk taking me to school, but they took me to church. I remember some kid tried to flirt with me, but the lady we were living with told him not to bother with me because I was retarded. After that, the kids left me alone except to make fun of me. In order to go to the bathroom like a girl, I had to practice. It wasnt easy! Quite often I used to come back with wet shoes. But since I was supposed to be a little backward, wetting my shoes made my act all the more convincing. -Richard Rozen Continually Tested: To hide amongst Gentiles by pretending to be Gentile took courage, strength, and determination. Every day these children came upon situations in which their identity was tested. If their real name was Anne, they had better not turn their head if that name were called. Also, what if someone were to recognize them or question their supposed familial relationship with their host? There were many Jewish adults and children who could never attempt to hide their identity within society because of their outward appearance or their voice sounded stereotypically Jewish. Others whose outward appearance did not bring them into  question  had to be careful of their language and of their movements.Going to Church: To  appear  Gentile, many children had to go to church. Having never been to church, these children had to find ways to cover for their lack of knowledge. Many children tried to fit into this new role my mimicking others. We had to live and behave like Christians. I was expected to go to confession because I was old enough to have already had my first communion. I didnt have the slightest idea what to do, but I found a way to handle it. Id made friends with some Ukrainian children, and I said to one girl, Tell me how to go to confession in Ukrainian and Ill tell you how we do it in Polish. So she told me what to do and what to say. Then she said, Well, how do you do it in Polish? I said, Its exactly the same, but you speak Polish. I got away with that and I went to confession. My problem was that I couldnt bring myself to lie to a priest. I told him it was my first confession. I didnt realize at the time that girls had to wear white dresses and be part of a special ceremony when making their first communion. The priest either didnt pay attention to what I said or else he was a wonderful man, but he didnt give me away.-Rosa Sirota After the War For the children and for many survivors, liberation did not mean the end of their suffering.   Very young children, that were hidden within families, knew nor remembered anything about their real or biological families. Many had been babies when they first entered their new homes. Many of their real families did not come back after the war. But for some  their real families were strangers. Sometimes, the host family was not willing to give up these children after the war. A few organizations were established to kidnap the Jewish children and give them back to their real families. Some host families, though sorry to see the young child go, kept in contact with the children. After the war, many of these children had conflicts adapting to their true identity. Many had been acting Catholic for so long that they had trouble grasping their Jewish ancestry. These children were the survivors and the future - yet they did not identify with being Jewish. How often they must have heard, But you were only a child - how much could it have affected you?How often they must have felt, Though I suffered, how can I be considered a victim or a survivor compared to those who were in the camps?How often they must have cried, When will it be over?

Human Resource Outsourcing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Human Resource Outsourcing - Case Study Example However, outsourcing itself has got associated advantages and disadvantages in many of these firms. This paper will look at the human resource outsourcing in the UK's largest and most successful airline, the British Airways. The airline started in 1919 with Houston's airport as its home. On 25th August 1919 the first flight from Le Bourget to Houslow was launched. Afterwards these were the establishment of the Handley page and unstone airlines with older modified bomber applied in them. To counter stiff competition from the French airlines who offered low fares the airlines merged and created an airline that could fly distant place for example Egypt and India, the airline was called Imperial Airways.2 It was after a committee chaired by President Ronald Edwards in 1967 British airways was born in 1976 British European Airways (BEA) and British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) merged, a thing that left British Airways with big fleets for instance Lockheed Tristar, Boeing 747 among others. These developments saw the British Airways, becoming one of the leading world's cargo airlines. After the September 11th 2001 bomb attack there was an airline crisis and British airways was not an exceptional since it faced severe economic problems which it took some time for it to recover. However, it has now recuperated with increased returns a characteristic of future economic boom. In 24th October 2003 what was the then trademark of the company for the twenty five years, the Concorde made its last flight. To strengthen its global market position the airline is forging alliances with the world's major airlines and has been outsourcing its human resource functions.3 The company's main objectives include; the achievement of greater management effectiveness, application of business - oriented organizational approaches, meeting the organizational goals applications of the critical success factors (CSFs) approach in the management system and overcoming the technological barriers in the company. The company's challenges ahs been its failure to accurately focus on the organizational goals with a feeling that the critical success factors approach might not be appropriate for managers investigations at all levels within the company. Lower level manages has been experiencing problems in the application of the CSF concept.4 British airways human resource outsourced functions include the risk management, temporary staffing, recruitments, employee benefits administrations, pension administration, retirement planning assistance, development programs relating to training and management executive staffing, counselling of the staff members, administration of wage and salary, background checks, incentive plans payroll and training implementation. The main reasons as to why British airways opt to outsource its non -core business operations are as follows: To improve its accuracy. So as it can put more focus on its core business oper

Managing Multinational Operations Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Managing Multinational Operations - Assignment Example According to the New Foreign Trade Law amended in April 2004, import goods and technologies are divided into four categories, namely prohibited imports, restricted imports, free imports, and goods under tariff-rate quota management (Hong Kong Trade Development Council). The exports are restricted for resources that are in short supply in China. The foreign currency rules allow enterprises to either sell their foreign exchanges to certain banks or open current foreign currency accounts to keep their foreign exchange. "Foreign-invested enterprises (FIEs) and foreign enterprises have to pay income tax on their income derived from production, business operations and other sources within the territory of China" (Hong Kong Trade Development Council). Income tax on foreign enterprises is levied on an annual basis and paid in advance in quarterly installment (Hong Kong Trade Development Council). The foreign enterprises in preferred sectors are subject to lower income tax rate of 15%. A foreign enterprise can open a foreign exchange settlement account through one of the banks; and can use this fund to make external payments, whenever required. In case additional funds are required, this can be purchased from the bank. A foreign enterprise can also open a foreign exchange capital fund account. Chinese government also allows the foreign enterprises to remit their profits, dividends and bonuses outside the country. ChineseFinancial and accounting system Chinese government requires all companies, including the foreign enterprises to comply with Financial Principles for Enterprises (Hong Kong Trade Development Council). These rules provide guidance to enterprises to develop their financial statements. Intellectual Property Rights China provides various ways to foreign invested enterprises to ensure that their intellectual property is adequately protected. These include various laws and regulations and patent and trademark registration facilities to the foreign investors. Sources of Funds The minimum capital requirement for limited liability company is Rmb30,000 and for joint stock limited companies, it is Rmb5 million. The rules

3 Fators of Doom for Macbeth Essay Example for Free

3 Fators of Doom for Macbeth Essay In Macbeth there were a few factors that contributed to the degeneration of the Macbeth character. There were three factors that destroyed Macbeth. The main force that was predominately responsible for the downfall of Macbeth was his single flaw. Which was his own ambition. Even though his ambition brought him to his height of power, it was also what led him to his downfall. During the play Macbeths ambition brought him to achieve his goals but as the play evolves, it forced him to face his fate. Macbeth had become so obsessed with becoming King, and remaining powerful, that he became a completely different man. See more: Satirical elements in the adventure of Huckleberry Finn essay His ambition led him to become greedy, violent, power hunger, and a murder. An example of his new character occurred when he killed King Duncan. After the first murder, killing seemed to be the only solution to keep his reign over the people of Scotland. It was because of these killings and his overbearing ambition that caused him to be overthrown and kill himself. Another force was the prophecies which were told by the witches. If it had not been for the witches telling Macbeth that he was going to be Thane of Cawdor, Thane of Glanis, and King of Scotland, he would still be is ordinary self. After the witches shared these prophecies with Macbeth he started thinking of ways he could become king. The other influential factor that destroyed Macbeth was his wife Lady Macbeth. In the play Lady Macbeth was going to kill King Duncan, but she just could not do it. Although she then provided a scheme which caused Macbeth to kill King Duncan. After the first murder, Macbeth seemed to come to the solution that killing was the way. Therefore Lady Macbeth was the one who introduced the concept of murder to Macbeth, which was another reason why Macbeth was destroyed.

Evolving Federalism Essay -- essays research papers

Evolving Federalism Pre-Class Assignment   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Federalism by definition is the division of power between a central government and its participating members. How that power is divided is the subjective aspect of federalism that was before the framers of the United States. Through compromise and necessity the seeds for a strong central government were planted alongside already strong state governments. Over time the seeds for strong central government grew; wars, economic fluctuations and national growth established a strong central government. As America’s idea of federalism changed the central government grew more powerful, the state’s government gave more power away, and local governments were established. In American Intergovernmental Relations, Laurence O’Toole cites Harry Scheiber five stages of federalism to identify three key terms of federalism in the U.S as â€Å"dual federalism,† â€Å"cooperative federalism,† and â€Å"creative federalism.† According to Schei ber the five stages of federalism, are still a valid history of federalism in the United States.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first stage, 1789-1861, he calls the â€Å"era of dual federalism† in which national, state, and local governments operated independently of one another. This â€Å"layer-cake† stage was a product of Congress, â€Å"refraining from making innovative policy in many areas formally opened to it by the Court.† It was apparent during this time that Congress was not yet ready to move to a more centralized government that would interfere with state and local governments.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Scheiber identifies the second stage, 1861-1890, as a period of transition to a more centralized government. Change to the Constitution, expansion of federal court powers, business regulation, and Supreme Court activism all worked to increase the power of national government and move towards a more centralized view of federalism. Schreiber’s third stage from 1890 to 1933 continues this move towards centralization with World War I as a catalyst.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal â€Å"inaugurated† Scheiber’s fourth stage. â€Å"Cooperative federalism† surfaces in this stage that promoted interaction and funding between the state, local, and national governments in order to facilitate new programs under the New Deal. Although this stage, labeled the marbl... ...very well improve the education system in states such as Arizona, where charter schools are becoming popular but still lack quality.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Education is a strong example of competitive and cooperative federalism. Most schools receive federal grants to ensure certain programs are instituted in public schools. States provide the majority of funding to local school districts and mandate the majority of the curriculum. Local governments allocate the funds from the state to accomplish the curriculum goals as they see fit. Yet all three of these governments compete for control over how their children get educated.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Education is a prime example of shifting power in the U.S. Landmark Supreme Court cases such as Brown v. Board of Education has forced integration upon the states. Recently, the issue of the word â€Å"God† in the pledge of allegiance has surfaced in the education field and may be decided in federal courts. Bush has made it clear that he favors education reform at the federal level. Whatever the outcome, one of the three levels of government will seize more power from the education issue in this era of competitive federalism.

Environmental Protection

Many centuries ago people lived in harmony with nature because industry was not much developed. There was no ecological problem until people built lots of plants and factories which sent wastes into the air, water and land where they didn't disappear but lasted forever in one form or another. Nowadays people live only according to their wants and requirements, they ignore the laws of nature. That's why today the contradictions between man and nature are dramatic. People are slowly destroying the nature environment around them. Today we are anxious about the state of the air we breathe because every year world industry throws out into atmosphere about 1 000 million tons of dust, smoke and other harmful substances and people of many cities suffer from smog. | Another reason why there is such high level of air pollution in large cities is because of car exhaust fumes from very intensive transport. A great number of plants get used to dump poisonous chemical wastes in rivers, lakes and seas that has led to polluting water and killing fish life. At present time pollution from sinking ships and tankers with oil is increasing and there is a strong destruction of sea life. We face the fresh water supply problem today because of the depletion of water resources and the disruption of water cycle. Speaking about atmosphere we should mention ozone holes which are result of air pollution and their increase can lead to the destruction of the whole great chain of life of our planet. The pollution of the air, oceans, seas, rivers and lakes and the destruction of the ozone layer could lead our planet to a global catastrophe. But the most terrible catastrophe of our age is the Chernobyl disaster which has resulted not only in atomic explosion but has brought death to 300 thousands hectares of farm lands and has affected the lives of millions of people. The radiation doses have affected and will continue to affect the health of people living in contaminated areas. The Earth is our home that's why we must take measures to fight land pollution and keep our environment clean; we must plant trees and flowers and take care of animals, we must not throw our wastes into the rivers. In many countries environmental protection organizations such as â€Å"Green Peace†, â€Å"Friend of the Earth†, â€Å"World Wild Life Fund† are set up which try to put pressure upon the governments that don't care for ecology in their countries. The humankind will be able to survive only if we all realize that environmental protection is our universal concern.

Sendsad Your Friends a Free Gifts

Introduction In Malaysia, the foreign workers are come Malaysia to work from another country such as comes from Thailand, Indonesia, and each another. The foreign workers can be employed in the manufacturing, construction, plantation, agricultural, services and domestic help sector. Even in Malaysia, the foreign workers have been increase comes from another country to employ. Today, we are going to present on the causes, effects and ways to prevent about foreign workers comes to Malaysia to work. Body Causes Firstly, the causes of foreign workers comes Malaysia to work is exchange rate are bigger (MYR). They are hardworking to work. * The Malaysia economic is higher than their own country. Effect The first of foreign workers comes Malaysia to work is unemployment rate increase. * The local worker very difficult to find the jobs in Malaysia. * Local workers are do no to work likes manufacturing, construction, plantation, agricultural, services and each another. They want to give forei gn workers to work hard. Advantages Foreign worker come and work in Malaysia will bring some advantages: * Increase Malaysia economy * Low wages or salary that pay to foreign worker Disadvantages Related reading: Disadvantages of Foreign Workers in MalaysiaForeign worker come and work in Malaysia will bring some disadvantages * Unemployment rate for Malaysia citizens will increase * Crime rate will be increase Problem Solving It have some ways to solving the problem of too much foreign worker work in Malaysia * Government lack of control or irresponsible * To reduce reliance on low wages Conclusion In conclusion, although foreign worker come and work in Malaysia will bring some advantages and disadvantages, our government have to think about the Malaysia citizen and increase the chances for Malaysia citizen to get a job.

Labor Unions And Human Resources Example

Labor Unions And Human Resources Example Labor Unions And Human Resources – Coursework Example Labor Unions and Human Resources Labor Unions and Human Resources Introduction Countries have trade unions formed depending on the industrial demands of workers and treatment they receive from their employers. The unions in the world have two most distinguished goals to achieve. The goals include enhancing debates between employees and employers concerning better terms of remuneration. Unions contribute a vital role in ensuring workers receive fair employment conditions related to working hours and workplace conditions. Countries, however, have distinctions in the manner in which they conduct their roles. The differences are evident in the case of Japan, Sweden, and America.How Role of Unions in Other Countries Differ From That of AmericaUnions in Japan and USA engage in roles related to negotiations on wage-related matters. However, Swedish unions also focus to improving general working environment as well as strengthening both economic and industrial democracy. In addition, America n unions are synonymous with strikes as strategies to advocate their members’ demands (Marsden, 2013). On the contrary, Swedish unions are highly democratic and often engage in negotiations rather than strikes to resolve industrial conflicts. Unions in Japan, however, explore industrial federations and management negotiations after effective consultations involving firms across the industry to resolve their industrial conflicts.Workers and industries stakeholders show dissimilar reactions when unions use collective bargaining to settle industrial disputes in Japan, Sweden, and USA. Both in Japan and Sweden, workers and stakeholders embrace industrial peace, consequently disrupting any possibility of conflict and violence. Workers and union members in America, however, are characteristic of violent reactions through strikes in cases of outcomes that they perceived as unsatisfactory.Unlike in America where unions never show concerns about industrial management, Sweden is a Scan dinavian country in which unions have close industrials relations. Japan also shows a clear distinction with the US based unions such that they Japanese unions are enterprise based. Sweden, nonetheless, displays another difference since its unions have three categories as per their roles. The first is Central Organization of Salaried Employees (TCO), which is specifically responsible in bringing together employees from the white-collar jobs (Katz, 2013). Sweden confederation of trade unions advocates the welfare of blue-collar job employees and clerical workers found in both private and public sectors. Swedish unions conduct collective bargaining for their workers at a highly centralized level unlike those of USA that operate at the federation level. However, due to technological changes, unions Swedish unions have ventured into a vigorous process of decentralizing its unions. In conclusion, despite the differences that exist in various countries, the goals they strive to achieve ar e more or less similar.ReferencesKatz, H. C. (2013). Is U. S. Public Sector Labor Relations In The Midst Of A Transformation? Industrial & Labor Relations Review, 66 (5), 1031-1046.Marsden, D. (2013). Individual Voice in Employment Relationships: A Comparison under Different Forms of Workplace Representation. Industrial Relations, 52 (S1), 221-258.

4 Ways to Use the Passive Voice in Italian

4 Ways to Use the Passive Voice in Italian In a sea of grammar to learn, you might be wondering, â€Å"What is the passive voice (la forma passiva), and why do I have to learn it?† Not sure what we  mean by active vs. passive voice? Active Voice: She rented a room in Bologna.Passive Voice: The room in Bologna was rented by her. In the active voice, it’s very clear who is doing the action, while in the passive, the subject is often cut out, leaving you to ask the question â€Å"by whom (was this action completed)? When is the passive voice typically used? Overall, it’s used when the action is more important than who is doing the action. Criticize the way something was done without blaming someone for itGive the facts of a situation or a story, typically in the newsOutline the way that something is done, like with guidelines, rules, or procedures Now that you’re familiar with the types of situations you would use it in, here are the four formulas. FORMULA #1: Si verb (conjugated in 3rd person singular/plural) Non si possono imparare quattro lingue allo stesso tempo. - One cannot learn four languages at the same time.Sà ¬, infatti, qua si vendono i supplà ¬. - Yes, in fact, here supplà ¬ is sold.Come ci si iscrive all’unversit all’estero? - How does one enroll in a foreign university?È pià ¹ importante quello che si fa o quello che si pensa? - What is more relevant, what one thinks or what one does? In this formula, you take the passive particle â€Å"si† (not to be confused with the pronoun â€Å"si†) and follow it with a verb that’s been conjugated in either the 3rd person singular or plural. FORMULA #2: Essere Past participle Tense: Il presente indicativo ACTIVE: Scrivo un articolo su come si usa la forma passiva.PASSIVE: L’ articolo su come si usa la forma passiva à ¨ scritto da me. Tense: Il passato prossimo Active: La mamma ha regalato un libro al bambino.Passive: Il libro à ¨ stato regalato al bambino dalla mamma. Tense: Il futuro Active: Giulio porter la torta.  Passive: La torta sar portata da Giulio. Tense: L’imperfetto ActiveLei preparava la cena.Passive: La cena era preparata da lei. FORMULA #3: Venire Past participle La scuola viene raccomandata da tutti gli studenti. - The school is recommended by all of the students.Questo libro verr utilizzato come prova nel processo. - This book will be used as evidence in the trial.Luca viene accompagnato a scuola tutti i giorni dalla nonna. – Luca is accompanied to school every day by his grandma. Also, you’ll see this particular construction more often in formal situations, like legal proceedings or when discussing politics and finances. FORMULA #4: Dovere/Potere/Volere/Andare Past participle Dovere - To must, to have to   I pomodori devono essere piantati prima che la primavera abbia inizio. - Tomatoes should be planted before spring begins.Le preposizioni devono essere studiate accuratamente. - Prepositions must be studied very carefully.Il pagamento dovr essere effettuato entro il 31 dicembre. - The payment will have to be made before December 31st. Potere:  To be able to Questo obiettivo potr essere raggiunto soltanto attraverso una serie di compiti specifici. - This goal will only be reached through a series of specific tasks.La carne puà ² essere cucinata sul fornello o al forno. - The meat can be cooked on the stove or in the oven. Volere: To want Il bambino à ¨ stato fortemente voluto dai genitori. - The newborn has been strongly desired by the parents.L’osservanza della legge à ¨ voluta dal governo. - Law observance is required by the government. Andare: To go   In questo corso, i compiti vanno completati ogni giorno. - In this course, the homework must be completed each day.Il modulo va firmato. - The form must be signed.

American and Soviet Policies towards Arab-Israeli Conflict and the Essay

American and Soviet Policies towards Arab-Israeli Conflict and the Cold War - Essay Example The Second World War ended in the European theater on May 8, 1945. And the Cold War began on that day. The cold war had many dimensions; one was ideological, another was political, a third one was economic, and to all these we may also add the rivalry between America and Russia as to who would ‘rule’ the world. With an uncanny political insight Alexis de Tocqueville had predicted as early as 1835 that â€Å"There are now two great nations in the world, which starting from different points, seem to be advancing toward the same goal: the Russians and the Anglo-Americans. . . Each seems called by some secret design of Providence one day to hold in its hands the destinies of half the world† . It would appear; therefore, that history has destined these two nations to be at each other until a final and decisive victory is achieved by one over the other. But that time has not yet arrived, even though the cold war was declared to have been ended on December 3, 1989 at the conclusion of the Malta summit between George Bush Sr. and Mikhail Gorbachev. The ‘political Vacuum’ With the withdrawal of the colonial powers, Britain and France, from the Middle East after WW II, there was a virtual political vacuum in the region. By 1948 Soviet Union had consolidated its hegemony over Eastern Europe. The ‘Truman doctrine’ put a rein to its further ‘expansion’ into Greece or Turkey. But along with consolidating its domination over the East European nations, Soviet Union was busy trying to build and expand its influence among the ‘Islamic’ nations to its south.

World Religion---If you are not religious, what are your views on Essay

World Religion---If you are not religious, what are your views on religion - Essay Example Furthermore, as religion has been part of life and sometimes people may be hiding in it while carrying on with heinous activities. At the same time, religion provides a chance or people to reflect on events taking place in their life’s, their meaning and where they are going. It helped bring one’s self or being in a settled place where he or she functions harmoniously with the minimal domination of the runway mind, bodily function and emotions. Therefore, this is one of the major reasons for people engaging in one religion or another so that they can gain direction in their daily lives. Most of the books that have been written in different religions are the writings of the ancient people that have been put together from some of the finest writers of their time. Thus, it serves as a guideline for the human life by guiding on what to do and how to do it. At the same time, the books give accounts of the activities that took place in the past, the kind of lifestyle people had at that time. Therefore, the books cannot be termed as a message from the supernatural powers. At the same time, I believe that there is a rebirth and reincarnation of people in different forms thus there is continued life on earth and not elsewhere. As a non-believer, I really do not believe in any one religion as being superior to another. However, I respect others people beliefs and whatever that they may want to do to satisfy their spiritual needs. Treating others with love, kindness, respect and love makes life more fulfilling at the end of the day. In addition, one always has to find meaning in their lives through various ways, and everybody ought to respect that. Although in my opinion, I believe that religion has denied a number of people an opportunity of discovering a lot in their personal relationship and existence. Religion does not allow people to question most of its teachings and lets people just believe in whatever that had been laid down in each particular religion.